Lead-acid roj teeb & Lithium roj teeb
1. Lead-acid roj teeb
1.1 Lead-acid roj teeb yog dab tsi?
● Lead-acid roj teeb yog lub roj teeb cia uas nws cov electrodes feem ntau yog ua los ntawmcojthiab nwsoxides, thiab nws cov electrolyte yogsulfuric acid daws.
● Lub nominal voltage ntawm ib leeg-cell lead-acid roj teeb yog2.0v ua, uas tuaj yeem tawm mus rau 1.5V thiab them rau 2.4V.
● Hauv kev siv,6 ib-celltxhuas-acid roj teeb feem ntau txuas nrog rau hauv series los ua ib qho nominal12 vlead-acid roj teeb.
1.2 Lead-acid Battery Structure
● Nyob rau hauv lub xeev tso tawm ntawm txhuas-acid roj teeb, lub ntsiab ntawm qhov zoo electrode yog lead dioxide, thiab tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov zoo electrode mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode, thiab lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode yog txhuas.
● Nyob rau hauv lub xeev tus nqi ntawm cov hlau lead-acid roj teeb, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes yog txhuas sulfate, thiab tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov zoo electrode mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode.
●Graphene roj teeb: graphene conductive additivesntxiv rau cov khoom zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode,graphene composite electrode cov ntaub ntawvntxiv rau qhov zoo electrode, thiabgraphene ua haujlwm txheejyog ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem conductive.
1.3 Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yog dab tsi?
●6- ZPO-20:6 txhais tau tias muaj6 kab, txhua daim phiaj muaj qhov voltage ntawm2V, thiab qhov voltage txuas hauv series yog 12V, thiab 20 txhais tau tias lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm ntawm20 AW.
● D (hluav taws xob), Z (lub zog pab), F (valve-regulated nkawm-dawb roj teeb).
●DZM:D (hluav taws xob), Z (lub zog-pab tsheb), M (lub kaw lus tsis muaj roj teeb).
●EVF:EV (lub tsheb roj teeb), F (valve-regulated care-free battery).
1.4 Qhov sib txawv ntawm valve tswj thiab kaw
●Valve-regulated txij nkawm-dawb roj teeb:tsis tas yuav ntxiv dej lossis kua qaub rau kev saib xyuas, lub roj teeb nws tus kheej yog cov qauv kaw,tsis muaj kua qaub los yog kua qaub, nrog ib txoj kev nyab xeebtso valve, thaum cov roj sab hauv tshaj ib qho nqi, lub qhov tso pa tawm cia li qhib kom tso cov pa tawm
●Sealed txij nkawm-dawb lead-acid roj teeb:lub roj teeb tag nrho yogkaw tag nrho (lub roj teeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox yog ncig hauv lub plhaub kaw), yog li cov roj teeb uas tsis muaj txij nkawm tsis muaj "cov pa phem" dhau lawm
2. Lithium roj teeb
2.1 Lithium roj teeb yog dab tsi?
● Cov roj teeb lithium yog ib hom roj teeb uas sivlithium hlau or lithium alloyraws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo / tsis zoo electrode thiab siv cov tshuaj tsis muaj dej electrolyte.(Lithium ntsev thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic)
2.2 Lithium Battery Classification
●Lithium roj teeb tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: roj teeb lithium hlau thiab lithium ion roj teeb.Cov roj teeb lithium ion zoo dua li cov roj teeb lithium hlau raws li kev nyab xeeb, muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb, tus nqi tso tawm tus kheej thiab kev ua haujlwm-tus nqi piv.
● Vim nws txoj kev siv tshuab siab, tsuas yog cov tuam txhab hauv ob peb lub teb chaws tau tsim cov roj teeb lithium hlau no.
2.3 Lithium Ion roj teeb
| Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo | Nominal voltage | Zog Ceev | Lub neej voj voog | Nqi | Kev ruaj ntseg | Cycle Times | Ua haujlwm kub li qub |
| Lithium cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7v ua | Nruab nrab | Tsawg | Siab | Tsawg | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium hlau phosphate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Ternary lithium roj teeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua lithium hlau phosphate ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis tsis tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias lithium hlau phosphate.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub Hoobkas roj teeb. |
| Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6v ua | Tsawg | Nruab nrab | Tsawg | Nruab nrab | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6v ua | Siab | Tsawg | Siab | Tsawg | Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv | |
| Lithium Hlau Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2v ua | Nruab nrab | Siab | Tsawg | Siab | 1200-1500 Nws | |
| Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6v ua | Siab | Nruab nrab | Nruab nrab | Tsawg | ≥500 800-1200 Nws | |
| Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6v ua | Siab | Siab | Nruab nrab | Tsawg | ≥1000 800-1200 Nws |
●Cov khoom tsis zoo electrode:Graphite feem ntau yog siv.Tsis tas li ntawd, lithium hlau, lithium alloy, silicon-carbon tsis zoo electrode, oxide tsis zoo electrode cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
● Los ntawm kev sib piv, lithium hlau phosphate yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws.
2.4 Lithium-ion roj teeb zoo li kev faib tawm
Cylindrical lithium-ion roj teeb
Prismatic Li-ion roj teeb
Button lithium ion roj teeb
Cov roj teeb tshwj xeeb zoo li lithium-ion
Soft pob roj teeb
● Cov duab uas siv rau lub tsheb fais fab:cylindrical thiab soft-pack
● Cylindrical lithium roj teeb:
● Qhov zoo: mature technology, tsis tshua muaj nqi, me me ib lub zog, yooj yim los tswj, zoo cua sov dissipation
● Qhov tsis zoo:ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov roj teeb pob, kuj hnyav hnyav, me ntsis qis zog ceev
● Soft-pack lithium roj teeb:
● Qhov zoo: superimposed manufacturing txoj kev, thinner, sib dua, siab zog ceev, ntau variations thaum tsim ib lub roj teeb pob
● Qhov tsis zoo:tsis zoo tag nrho kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub roj teeb pob (kev sib raug zoo), tsis tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, tsis yooj yim rau standardize, tus nqi siab
● Cov duab twg zoo dua rau cov roj teeb lithium?Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj lus teb kiag li, nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm kev thov
● Yog tias koj xav tau tus nqi qis thiab kev ua tau zoo tag nrho: cylindrical lithium roj teeb > roj teeb lithium mos
● Yog tias koj xav tau me me, lub teeb, lub zog loj: mos-pob lithium roj teeb > cylindrical lithium roj teeb
2.5 Lithium Battery Structure
● 18650: 18mm qhia txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub roj teeb, 65mm qhia qhov siab ntawm lub roj teeb, 0 qhia txog cov duab cylindrical, thiab lwm yam
● Kev suav ntawm 12v20ah lithium roj teeb: xav tias qhov nominal voltage ntawm 18650 roj teeb yog 3.7V (4.2v thaum them tag nrho) thiab lub peev xwm yog 2000ah (2ah)
● Kom tau txais 12v, koj xav tau 3 18650 roj teeb (12/3.7≈3)
● Yuav kom tau 20ah, 20/2 = 10, koj xav tau 10 pawg roj teeb, txhua tus muaj 3 12V.
● 3 nyob rau hauv series yog 12V, 10 nyob rau hauv parallel yog 20ah, uas yog, 12v20ah (tag nrho ntawm 30 18650 hlwb yuav tsum tau)
● Thaum tso tawm, tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode mus rau qhov zoo electrode
● Thaum them nyiaj, tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov zoo electrode mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode
3. Kev sib piv ntawm Lithium roj teeb, Lead-acid Battery thiab Graphene Battery
| Kev sib piv | Lithium roj teeb | Lead-acid roj teeb | Graphene roj teeb |
| Nqe | Siab | Tsawg | Nruab nrab |
| Kev nyab xeeb yam | Tsawg | Siab | Kwv tij siab |
| Ntim thiab hnyav | Me me, lub teeb yuag | Loj loj thiab hnyav hnyav | Lub ntim loj, hnyav dua li cov roj ntsha lead-acid |
| Roj teeb lub neej | Siab | Ib txwm | Siab dua li cov roj ntsha lead-acid, qis dua lithium roj teeb |
| Kev ua neej nyob | 4 xyoo (ternary lithium: 800-1200 zaug Lithium hlau phosphate: 1200-1500 zaug) | 3 xyoos (3-500 zaug) | 3 xyoos (> 500 zaug) |
| Portability | Yooj yim thiab yooj yim nqa | Tsis tuaj yeem them | Tsis tuaj yeem them |
| Kho | Kho tsis tau | Kho tau | Kho tau |
● Tsis muaj lus teb meej rau lub roj teeb twg zoo dua rau lub tsheb fais fab.Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov kev thov rau cov roj teeb.
● Hais txog roj teeb lub neej thiab lub neej: lithium roj teeb > graphene > lead acid.
● Hais txog tus nqi thiab kev nyab xeeb: lead acid> graphene> lithium roj teeb.
● Hais txog kev txav mus los: lithium roj teeb > lead acid = graphene.
4. Cov ntawv pov thawj txog roj teeb
● Lead-acid roj teeb: Yog tias lub roj teeb lead-acid dhau qhov kev vibration, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 55 ° C, nws tuaj yeem raug zam los ntawm kev thauj mus los zoo ib yam.Yog tias nws tsis dhau peb qhov kev xeem, nws raug cais raws li cov khoom txaus ntshai qeb 8 (cov tshuaj corrosive)
● Cov ntawv pov thawj muaj xws li:
●Daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev nyab xeeb thauj cov khoom siv tshuaj(air / hiav txwv thauj);
●MSDS(KEV KAWM NTAWV COV NTAUB NTAWV);
● Lithium roj teeb: cais raws li Class 9 cov khoom txaus ntshai export
● Cov ntawv pov thawj muaj xws li: cov roj teeb lithium feem ntau yog UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 thiab UN3171, daim ntawv pov thawj pob khoom txaus ntshai, kev thauj mus los ntawm kev soj ntsuam daim ntawv ceeb toom
●UN 38.3kev tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb
●UN 3480lithium-ion roj teeb pob
●UN 3481lithium-ion roj teeb ntsia rau hauv cov khoom siv lossis lithium hluav taws xob roj teeb thiab cov khoom ntim ua ke (tib yam khoom txaus ntshai txee)
●UN 3171roj teeb lub tsheb lossis cov khoom siv roj teeb uas siv tau (cov roj teeb tso rau hauv lub tsheb, tib lub txee rau khoom txaus ntshai)
5. Teeb meem roj teeb
● Cov roj teeb txhuas-acid siv tau ntev, thiab cov hlau sib txuas hauv lub roj teeb yog qhov ua rau tawg, ua rau luv Circuit Court thiab spontaneous combustion.Cov roj teeb lithium dhau lub neej ua haujlwm, thiab lub roj teeb tseem ceeb yog kev laus thiab tawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv thiab kub.
Lead-acid roj teeb
Lithium roj teeb
● Kev hloov kho tsis tau tso cai: Cov neeg siv hloov kho lub roj teeb hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev tso cai, uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.Kev hloov kho tsis raug ua rau lub tsheb Circuit Court overloaded, overloaded, rhuab, thiab luv luv.
Lead-acid roj teeb
Lithium roj teeb
● Charger tsis ua hauj lwm.Yog tias lub charger tso rau hauv lub tsheb ntev ntev thiab shakes, nws yooj yim ua rau cov capacitors thiab resistors hauv lub charger loosen, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau overcharging ntawm lub roj teeb.Kev siv lub charger tsis raug kuj tuaj yeem ua rau overcharge.
● Cov tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob raug tshav ntuj.Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov kub thiab txias tsis haum rau nres tsheb kauj vab hluav taws xob sab nraum lub hnub.Qhov kub hauv lub roj teeb yuav nce ntxiv.Yog tias koj them lub roj teeb tam sim ntawd tom qab tau txais tsev los ntawm kev tawm haujlwm, qhov kub hauv lub roj teeb yuav nce ntxiv.Thaum nws ncav cuag qhov kub thiab txias, nws yooj yim rau spontaneously ignite.
● Fais maus taus yog yooj yim soaked nyob rau hauv dej thaum los nag hnyav.Cov roj teeb lithium tsis tuaj yeem siv tom qab soaked hauv dej.Lead-acid roj teeb hluav taws xob tsheb yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv lub khw kho tom qab tau tsau rau hauv dej.
6. Kev tu txhua hnub thiab kev siv roj teeb thiab lwm yam
● Tsis txhob overcharge thiab over-discharging ntawm lub roj teeb
Overcharge:Feem ntau, cov pawg them nyiaj yog siv rau kev them nyiaj hauv Suav teb.Thaum them tag nrho, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav raug txiav tawm.Thaum them nrog lub charger, lub hwj chim yuav raug txiav tawm thaum them tag nrho.Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam uas tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm puv hluav taws xob, thaum them tag nrho, lawv yuav txuas ntxiv nrog cov tam sim no me me, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntev;
Over-discharge:Nws feem ntau pom zoo kom them lub roj teeb thaum muaj 20% fais fab tuag.Them nrog lub zog qis rau lub sijhawm ntev yuav ua rau lub roj teeb qis dua, thiab nws yuav tsis raug them.Nws yuav tsum tau rov qhib dua, thiab nws yuav tsis qhib.
● Tsis txhob siv nws hauv qhov kub thiab txias.Kev kub siab yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav thiab ua kom muaj cua sov ntau.Thaum tshav kub mus txog qhov tseem ceeb, nws yuav ua rau lub roj teeb hlawv thiab tawg.
● Tsis txhob them ceev ceev, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov hauv cov qauv sab hauv thiab tsis ruaj khov.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub roj teeb yuav sov thiab cuam tshuam rau lub roj teeb lub neej.Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj teeb lithium sib txawv, rau 20A lithium manganese oxide roj teeb, siv 5A charger thiab 4A charger nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv, siv 5A charger yuav txo lub voj voog txog li 100 zaug.
●Yog tias lub tsheb hluav taws xob tsis siv ntev, sim them nws ib zaug ib lub lim tiam lossis txhua txhua 15 hnub.Lub roj teeb txhuas-acid nws tus kheej yuav siv li 0.5% ntawm nws tus kheej lub zog txhua hnub.Nws yuav noj sai dua thaum nruab rau lub tsheb tshiab.
Cov roj teeb lithium kuj tseem yuav siv zog.Yog tias lub roj teeb tsis them rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub zog poob thiab lub roj teeb yuav siv tsis tau.
Lub roj teeb tshiab uas tsis tau ntim khoom yuav tsum tau them ib zaug ntau dua100 hnub.
●Yog tias lub roj teeb tau siv ntevlub sij hawm thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg, cov roj teeb lead-acid tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog cov electrolyte lossis dej los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kom siv txuas ntxiv mus rau lub sijhawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, nws raug nquahu kom hloov lub roj teeb tshiab ncaj qha.Lub lithium roj teeb muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab tsis tuaj yeem kho.Nws raug pom zoo kom hloov lub roj teeb tshiab ncaj qha.
●Teeb meem them nqi: Lub charger yuav tsum siv tus qauv sib txuam.60V tsis tuaj yeem them 48V roj teeb, 60V lead-acid tsis tuaj yeem them 60V lithium roj teeb, thiablead-acid chargers thiab lithium roj teeb chargers tsis tuaj yeem siv sib hloov.
Yog tias lub sijhawm them nyiaj ntev dua li niaj zaus, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm lub charger cable thiab nres them.Ua tib zoo saib seb lub roj teeb puas yog deformed lossis puas.
●Lub roj teeb lub neej = voltage × roj teeb ampere × ceev ÷ lub cev muaj zog lub cev Cov qauv no tsis haum rau txhua tus qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv siv hluav taws xob siab.Ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm cov poj niam feem ntau cov neeg siv, txoj kev yog raws li nram no:
48V lithium roj teeb, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium roj teeb, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium roj teeb, 1A = 3.5km, lead-acid yog li 10% tsawg dua lithium roj teeb.
48V roj teeb muaj peev xwm khiav tau 2.5 kilometers ib ampere (48V20A 20 × 2.5 = 50 kilometers)
60V roj teeb muaj peev xwm khiav tau 3 kilometers ib ampere (60V20A 20 × 3 = 60 kilometers)
72V roj teeb muaj peev xwm khiav tau 3.5 kilometers ib ampere (72V20A 20 × 3.5 = 70 kilometers)
●Lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb / A ntawm lub charger yog sib npaug rau lub sijhawm them, them lub sij hawm = roj teeb muaj peev xwm / charger Tus lej, piv txwv li 20A / 4A = 5 teev, tab sis vim tias qhov kev them nqi yuav qeeb dua tom qab them rau 80% (mem tes yuav txo qhov tam sim no), yog li nws feem ntau yog sau li 5-6. teev lossis 6-7 teev (rau kev pov hwm)
